Top 40 Iconic Historical Places in Europe
Europe is a large continent, containing 50 countries, each representing a unique blend of culture and history. However, numerous cultures have been intertwined throughout the years of the Greek, Roman, and Ottoman empires. Nowadays, the continent boasts an exorbitant amount of incredibly famous historical places in Europe, from castles and palaces to large archeological sites. In this guide, we will go over the 40 best historical places to visit in Europe and highlight what makes them worth your time.
Let’s dive into the top 40 best historical sites in Europe to expand your knowledge about the continent’s volatile and fascinating history throughout the centuries.
Arguably the most historical place in Europe is the Colosseum in Rome, Italy. Built in the 1st century, it’s a true engineering marvel that can hold up to 80,000 spectators. Romans of the time used to flock to the amphitheater to watch gladiator fights, folklore plays, and other entertaining events. Despite the rocky past darkened with wars, earthquakes, and vandalism, the Colosseum prevails as the symbol of modern-day Italy. The structure continues to attract millions of tourists each year with its historical significance and architectural and engineering ingenuity.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Colosseum.
Among the top historical sites in Europe is Sagrada Familia based in Barcelona, Spain. The creation of the world-famous architect Antoni Gaudi, this breathtaking basilica began construction in 1882 and remains unfinished to this day. Despite that, Sagrada Familia has been recognized by the UNESCO World Heritage Site. The church is known for its unique blend of Gothic and Art Nouveau styles breaking conventional architectural norms. Luckily, the construction is scheduled to be completed by 2026, commemorating the centenary of Gaudi’s death.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Sagrada Familia.
Oxford University is one of the best historical sites in Europe for academics and anyone who is interested in architecture, libraries, and education. Among the oldest universities in the world, it’s the epitome of learning, research, and innovation. The campus boasts 39 colleges with stunning structures like the Radcliffe Camera and Bodleian Library, built in various styles, from medieval and Renaissance to modern ones. The university has taught a large array of notable academics, including Stephen Hawking, Oscar Wilde, Margaret Thatcher, and many others.
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The birthplace of democracy, the Acropolis in Athens is one of the most remarkable and significant European historical places. An ancient fortification and citadel, the Acropolis was built in the fifth century BC during the height of the Greek Empire. This ambitious structure encompasses over 20 archaeological remains, including the Parthenon, Erechtheum, Propylaea, and numerous sculptures. The Acropolis has become iconic due to its harmonious proportions, exquisite marble monuments, and elegant columns that have since inspired countless architects. The site also features the Acropolis Museum showcasing the history of the location and various artifacts.
Follow the link to book a Walking Tour of the Acropolis.
Among the oldest historical places in Europe is Pont du Gard, an ancient Roman bridge dating back to the 1st century AD. This aqueduct bridge was designed to transport water across the Gardon River to the Roman colony in modern Nimes. The construction showcases a true marvel of ancient engineering measuring almost 50 meters (164 feet) high and 275 meters (900 feet) in length. The aqueduct itself is 50 kilometers (31 miles) long making it one of the most remarkable and well-preserved Roman structures in the world.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours around Nimes:
The Roman Pantheon is another item on the list of Europe historical sites. Founded over 2,000 years ago, the structure remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome across the globe. The dome is the most notable and astounding element of the Pantheon, spanning 43 meters in diameter. The building has been used for various purposes throughout the centuries, from a sanctuary dedicated to Roman gods to a Christian church honoring St. Mary. The construction is remarkably influential and pivotal in the world of architecture having inspired numerous designs, including Thomas Jefferson's library, the church of Santa Maria Assunta, and countless city halls and public buildings.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Rome:
The mystical city of Pompeii is probably one of the most well-known historical places in Europe to visit. Located near Naples, Pompeii used to be a wealthy and developed Roman city until it got buried under ash caused by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Centuries later, in 1748, the underground settlement was discovered by a group of archeologists who were lucky to stumble upon this hidden treasure. Pompeii opened the door to the daily life of ancient Romans since the volcanic ash perfectly preserved the last moments of locals’ lives. Due to this tragedy, we can study Roman urban planning like amphitheaters, baths, temples, and many others.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the City of Pompeii.
Stonehenge is one of the best historical places in Europe dating back to 2,500 BC. In fact, the structure remains among the biggest mysteries of the world. Scientists have concluded that the stones were placed by ancient Britons either as a part of a worship ritual or burial. The monument comprises a circle of stones, four meters (13 feet) high and two meters (6.5 feet) wide. What we still don’t know is how these 25-tonne stones were transported 240 km (150 miles) and placed without any modern technology, including even the wheel.
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Among Portuguese historic places to visit in Europe is Alfama, an old quarter in the capital of Portugal brimming with palaces, churches, and chapels. The location’s origins go back to the Moorish occupation in the 8th century exemplified by its Arabic name which means “hot springs”. Lisbon's district was constructed as a maze to enhance defense against intruders and protect the region. The architectural styles also pay homage to Moorish and medieval influences of the past. The area is full of important sites and buildings like Castelo de Sao Jorge, a Moorish castle, and Se Cathedral, the oldest church in the city.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Alfama.
Normandy American Cemetery is one of the most important historic places in Europe to visit. Comprising nearly 10,000 graves of American fighters and soldiers who perished during the D-Day and other WWII battles. The cemetery spans over 68 hectares (170 acres) serving as a somber reminder of the sacrifices that brought us freedom. The Walls of the Missing is also located here bearing the names of over 1,500 soldiers whose remains have never been discovered or identified. Adjacent to the cemetery is a pool that makes the place more peaceful and serene offering a place for contemplation and reflection.
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In the heart of Greece, near Kalambaka, you will find Meteora, a group of Eastern Orthodox monasteries. Literally translated as “suspended in the air”, Meteora is a sight to behold. A series of monasteries are located atop rock formations, creating an illusion of floating. Originally, Meteora served as a mecca for monks seeking isolation and protection from Ottoman invaders. Back in the 14th and 15th centuries, monks managed to create these breathtaking structures using extremely limited resources. Nowadays, only a quarter of the original churches remain in use enabling visitors to learn about the lives and heritage of monks who resided here.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Meteora.
Former capital of Norway, Tønsberg is the oldest city in the county housing one of the most noteworthy historical places in Europe. The Tønsberg Fortress is among the most ancient fortified structures in Norway dating back to the 13th century. One of the most influential and important sites in Norwegian history, the fortress has changed numerous roles throughout the years, including a royal residence and military stronghold. Although the fortress has endured a lot of damage, the remains are well-preserved and protected by the local authorities.
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The Eiffel Tower, also known as the Iron Lady is one of the most historical places in Europe. Located in Paris, the City of Love, the tower has become a true symbol of France depicted in countless movies and other cultural references. In 1889, Gustav Eiffel built this ambitious construction which was met with a lot of criticism from the French intellectual elite of the time. Nowadays, the Eiffel Tower is an undisputed emblem of the city and a testament to Eiffel’s ingenuity and brilliance. At the top, visitors can marvel at the incredible views of Paris, take iconic photos, and admire the beauty of the city’s unique skyline.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Eiffel Tower.
St. Peter’s Basilica is one of the biggest churches in the world located in the smallest country on the planet, the Vatican. The construction began in 1506 and finished 120 years later becoming the most monumental works of the Renaissance era. St. Peter’s Basilica remains one of the most critical locations in the Catholic Church, with the Pope conducting administrations and gatherings in front of 80,000 onlookers. The design was completed by such Renaissance stars as Michelangelo and Bernini and encompasses lavish decorations, exquisite monuments, and priceless works of art.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the St. Peter's Basilica.
Newgrange is among the most fascinating historical places to visit in Europe. Located near Drogheda, Newgrange is one of the oldest monuments in Europe and dates back to the 3,200 BC making it older than Pyramids in Egypt and the British Stonehenge. These Neolithic structures comprise a large circle-shaped mound covering a large area. You can walk through a long and narrow passage to the tomb to marvel at the ancient ingenuity. Furthermore, the Newgrange’s location aligns with the rising sun during the winter solstice illuminating the chamber on the shortest day of the year. This incredible feature showcases the astronomical and engineering talents and know-how of the ancient people.
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Scotland also doesn’t suffer from a shortage of astounding historical sites. Edinburgh Castle was built in the 12th century and remains the country’s most important landmark. The mesmerizing fusion of Romanesque and medieval architecture has created one of the most remarkable castles in Europe. The structure was initially used as a royal residence honoring Queen Margaret and now serves as a breathtaking tourist attraction. Come to Edinburgh to admire the Royal Palace, the Scottish National War Memorial, and the Stone of Destiny, all of which are based inside the castle walls.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Old Town in Edinburgh.
Suomenlinna is a sea fortress spread across eight islands off the coast of Helsinki, the Finnish capital city. Originally built in the 18th century, the fort was meant to protect the land from Russian expansionism. Suomenlinna was repurposed following the independence of Finland in 1917 into a military base and prison camp. However, nowadays, the structure is a residential area and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The building comprises severak museums showcasing the history of this maritime fortification and educating visitors about its historical significance.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Suomenlinna.
One of the most monumental historical sites in Europe is located in the heart of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. The construction began in 880 while the building served as the seat of government until the end of the 10th century. This largest ancient castle complex in the world has witnessed numerous kings, emperors, and presidents within its walls. The architecture of the building is characterized by a unique blend of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Romanesque styles creating a fascinating sight. Moreover, the castle includes several notable art collections and stunning gardens.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Castle of Prague.
Wawel Castle is located in Krakow and has been the main seat of the Polish monarchy for almost 9 centuries. Since its creation in the 11th century, the castle has been used as the necropolis and mausoleum for numerous rulers. The building encompasses some of the most well-preserved Renaissance rooms and decor, including Italian friezes. Beyond that, the castle’s design is a mixture of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque movements. The building holds several impressive rooms, including the State Rooms, the Royal Private Apartments, and the St. Stanislaw Cathedral Basilica, as well as numerous pieces of art, tapestries, and historical artifacts.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Wawel Castle.
Among Europe's historical places in Germany is the Bavarian Neuschwanstein Castle. The breathtaking surroundings of the Bavarian Alps paired with the architectural marvel of the castle make the sight feel like a Disney movie. The German Romanticism-styled building was commissioned in the 19th century by the then ruler King Ludwig II who didn’t live to see the finished royal residence. Today, two hundred years later, Neuschwanstein is one of the most popular castles in Europe and potentially in the world.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Neuschwanstein Castle.
Another ancient historical place in Europe is the Diocletian Palace in Split, Croatia. Built in 305 AD for the Roman Emperor Diocletian, the palace is a lavish structure adorned with columns and sphinxes shipped from Egypt and Italian and Greek marble. In fact, the city of Split has emerged around the palace with residents striving to preserve this impressive building. Thanks to them, visitors can marvel at the Peristyle, the central square, St. Domnius Cathedral, and the Temple of Jupiter. Nowadays, the palace attracts millions of tourists with its grandeur while the city of Split has grown into a bustling center of life, shops, and restaurants.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Diocletian Palace.
Another noteworthy castle is located in Denmark and dates back to the 1420s. The construction began under the rule of King Eric VII and was completed under Frederik II who transformed the idea into a Renaissance masterpiece. Although the original building was destroyed in 1629 and then later its copy in the 1650s, the castle has been rebuilt to its former glory. The most famous fact about the castle is its feature in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Today, the castle is strictly protected by the UNESCO organization and serves as a popular tourist attraction educating visitors about rocky Danish history.
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Iceland is also home to some significant historic places in Europe. Althing is among the oldest parliament buildings in the world and the oldest in the country. Created in 930 AD, the Althing served as a gathering spot for leaders to discuss laws and politics, resolve disputes, and make crucial political decisions. The building is a testament to Icelanders’ struggle against Norwegian and Danish monarchies and the fight for independence. Initially established 30 km (18 miles) away from the capital, the structure was later moved. Nowadays, the Althing holds the legislative body in the heart of Reykjavik.
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Sweden is home to a fortification dating back to the Iron Age, namely 400 AD. The archaeological research and excavations have uncovered over 24 thousand artifacts from different epochs, including jewelry, weapons, tools, and other items providing insights into the daily lives of ancient Scandinavian societies. Eketorp is a unique fortress serving as a defensive structure and a place for trade. However, nowadays, the location is an open-air museum that preserves and captures the lifestyle of the indigenous population. Aside from the fort, the site features reconstructed buildings, local craftsmanship, and modern interactive exhibits.
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Another ancient monastery is located in Kyiv and finds itself among the most iconic historical places to visit in Europe. Established in 1051, the monastery is one of the cultural and religious centers of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Styled in Baroque architecture, Pechersk Lavra hides a wide network of catacombs containing the remains of medieval monks and saints. While above the ground you will be met with the state museum featuring religious and historic artifacts, underground is connected to the cave system. The monastery remains the hubspot for learning and educating about Ukrainian culture and history.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.
The Rundale Palace is an 18th-century historical place in Latvia intended as a summer residence for the Duke of Courland. This Baroque and Rococo palace was designed by Francesco Rastrelli, the author of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. Numerous notable people stayed in the palace, including the Empress Catherina the Great and the Shuvalov family. For a few years, the building was temporarily used as a hospital for the French Army during the 1812 war. After the independence of Latvia in 1991, the palace was renovated and turned into a museum depicting Latvian cultural heritage.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Rundale Palace.
In the 13th century, Grand Duke Gediminas, the founder of Vilnius, initiated the construction of the Upper Vilnius Castle. A series of three castles served as a fortification and prison at different times throughout history. Unfortunately, the castles were destroyed in the 14th century and the only remaining piece is the Gediminas Tower. The tower became a symbol of Lithuanian independence during the Soviet era, offering hope for the nation’s prosperity in the future. Nowadays, the location is a popular tourist destination, featuring a museum of the country’s history and culture.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Vilnius Old Town.
Estonia is home to several historical sites in Europe, including Pirita Convent Ruins, one of the most important nunneries. Built in 1407, the monastery was among the largest convents in Northern Europe at the time. In fact, the nunnery housed both monks and nuns which was a rare arrangement for 15th-century Europe. Unfortunately, the Tallinn-located building was destroyed during the Russian invasion in 1575 leaving only ruins. Today, the ruins attract millions of tourists and serve as a popular spot for open-air concerts and events.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Tallinn Old Town.
Cathedral Park, located in Chisinau, is a centerpiece of Moldovan historical and cultural sites, featuring the Triumphal Ark, The Monument of Stephen the Great, and the Metropolitan Nativity Cathedral. The cathedral was established in the 19th century and acts as a center of the Moldovan Orthodox Church. The Triumphal Ark was built in 1840 in honor of Russia’s victory over the Ottoman Empire. The park itself is an oasis amid a busy capital city, offering a peaceful break from the bustling streets. Nowadays, Cathedral Park is a place of religious and cultural importance showcasing the country’s rich history.
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The infamous Dracula’s Castle depicted in the book by Bram Stoker bears no resemblance to the real place, Bran Castle located near Brasov. Built by Saxons in 1377, the castle is a national landmark in Transylvania and beyond. Dracula’s author used this site as a reference for his story, however, there is no evidence tying Vlad the Impaler to the castle. In reality, the structure served as a defensive point on the border between Transylvania and Wallachia, later becoming a residence for Queen Marie. Nowadays, it’s a museum devoted to the Queen’s life and death, as well as the history of Romania.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Brasov.
Located in Istanbul, Hagia Sophia is a 6th-century church exemplifying Islamic architecture and influence on the country. Established as a Greek Orthodox church, in the 15th century it was transformed into a mosque. The building is a prominent example of Byzantine design and ingenious engineering of Turks. Due to its volatile history, the church blends both Christian and Muslim elements showcasing the harmonious coexistence of the major religions. To this day, Hagia Sophia remains one of the largest cathedrals in the world symbolizing the long-lasting power of the Byzantine Empire.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Hagia Sophia.
Kokino is an archaeological site first discovered in 2001 and quickly became one of the most intriguing and vital historical places in Europe. The Megalithic Observatory is among the oldest observatories in the world and is a part of a large site covering 5,000 square meters (54,000 square feet) of land. The oldest findings date back to the 19th century BC offering insight into the European Bronze Age. Scientists discovered numerous artifacts, including ceramic vessels, molds, pendants, and stone mills. The observatory itself was built in alignment with the sunrises and sunsets proving locals’ advanced comprehension of astronomy.
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Located near Sarandë, Butrint in Albania is among the most ancient findings in Europe, even being depicted in Homer’s The Odyssey as a place of exiles after the fall of Troyes. Built in the 7th century BC, Butrint is an ancient city that throughout the years belonged to Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and later Venetians. The site is home to numerous relics of ancient times, including a Greek theater, a Christian baptistery, a Venetian Castle, and several Roman baths. During the Roman period, the city’s life was centered at the Roman Forum, a mesmerizing structure with mosaic floors and grand columns. In the Middle Ages, the city lost its relevance and began declining, however, it was rediscovered and turned into a cultural and historical center of the country.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Butrint.
Among vital historic places to visit in the Netherlands is the Royal Palace in Amsterdam. Originally intended as a City Hall and the largest secular building in Europe, the palace was later repurposed as a residence for the emperor and later for the Dutch Royal family. The construction took place in 1648 and was designed in the Dutch Classicism style with a grand facade and opulent decorations. Nowadays, the palace is mostly used for official functions and ceremonies as well as a museum of Dutch culture and history.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Historic Center of Amsterdam.
Located in Antwerp, Het Steen is another prominent historical place originating in medieval times. Built in the 13th century, the castle was used to monitor the access to the river Scheldt and protect the locals from Vikings. Throughout the time, the structure was a prison, a courthouse, and a museum. Parts of the castle were demolished in the 19th century but some elements are still intact. Today, this European destination offers tours of its iconic interiors, including the medieval torture chamber and countless grand halls.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Antwerp Old Town.
Hungarian significant historical site in Europe is the Buda Castle located in Budapest. Placed on the top of a hill, the castle offers breathtaking views of the city. Built in the 13th century, Buda Castle incorporates several styles of architecture, including Baroque, Gothic, and Neoclassical. The building was intended as a royal residence but was later used as a fortress and a center of government. Unfortunately, the castle sustained some damage during WWII but was later restored and returned to its former glory. Today, it’s the center of Hungarian culture and history, featuring the Hungarian National Gallery, the Budapest History Museum, and the National Library.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Buda Castle.
Located in Vienna, one of the most historic places in Europe is the Schönbrunn Palace from the Habsburg era. Erected in the 18th century, the palace was designed as a summer residence for the Habsburg monarchs. Its 1,441 rooms hosted countless important historical figures, including Maria Theresa and Napoleon Bonaparte. Furthermore, the territory features 32 sculptures, numerous fountains, extensive gardens, and the world’s oldest zoo. Established in 1752, The Tiergarten Schönbrunn, or Vienna Zoo is the oldest zoo in the world that still operates. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most incredible landmarks in the country.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Vienna Highlights.
Another ancient archaeological finding, Perperikon dates back to 5,000 BC, making it one of the oldest historical sites in Europe. Perperikon was home to Thracians, an ancient civilization that lived on the territory of modern southern Bulgaria. Here, scientists uncovered an orange temple devoted to the god Dionysus the remains of which are still carved in the rock face. Moreover, the city used to serve as an integral trading hub for Romans and Byzantines. The layout of the city is quite complex and intricate showcasing a network of streets, staircases, and buildings which indicates how ingenious ancient civilizations were.
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Kalemegdan is a historical site that managed to survive numerous earthquakes, fires, and intrusions throughout the Serbian rocky history. Back in 279 BC, a fortress was created over the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube. Although the structure is truly ancient, the first occupants were Romans. Over the centuries, the site was ruled by Byzantines, Bulgarians, Hungarians, and Ottomans each impacting the fortress and the Serbian culture. Ottomans used it as a stronghold to fence off countless attacks and battles. Today, Kalemegdan is a symbol of Belgrade and the nation’s resilience and pride.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Belgrade.
Augusta Raurica concludes our list of historic places in Europe. A Roman site, Augusta Raurica was founded by Lucius Munatius Plancus in the 1st century BC. The location used to be a thriving Roman colony and trading center along the Rhine River. The site is brimming with Roman structures such as temples, baths, theaters, and residential buildings. The discovery of Augusta Raurica allowed us to extend our knowledge about Roman urban planning and way of living. In the 18th century, archaeologists found a collection of Roman silver items which is now displayed in the Historical Museum of Basel.
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Best Historical Places to Visit in Europe
Let’s dive into the top 40 best historical sites in Europe to expand your knowledge about the continent’s volatile and fascinating history throughout the centuries.
#1 Colosseum in Rome, Italy
Arguably the most historical place in Europe is the Colosseum in Rome, Italy. Built in the 1st century, it’s a true engineering marvel that can hold up to 80,000 spectators. Romans of the time used to flock to the amphitheater to watch gladiator fights, folklore plays, and other entertaining events. Despite the rocky past darkened with wars, earthquakes, and vandalism, the Colosseum prevails as the symbol of modern-day Italy. The structure continues to attract millions of tourists each year with its historical significance and architectural and engineering ingenuity.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Colosseum.
#2 Basilica of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain
Among the top historical sites in Europe is Sagrada Familia based in Barcelona, Spain. The creation of the world-famous architect Antoni Gaudi, this breathtaking basilica began construction in 1882 and remains unfinished to this day. Despite that, Sagrada Familia has been recognized by the UNESCO World Heritage Site. The church is known for its unique blend of Gothic and Art Nouveau styles breaking conventional architectural norms. Luckily, the construction is scheduled to be completed by 2026, commemorating the centenary of Gaudi’s death.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Sagrada Familia.
#3 Oxford University in Oxford, England
Oxford University is one of the best historical sites in Europe for academics and anyone who is interested in architecture, libraries, and education. Among the oldest universities in the world, it’s the epitome of learning, research, and innovation. The campus boasts 39 colleges with stunning structures like the Radcliffe Camera and Bodleian Library, built in various styles, from medieval and Renaissance to modern ones. The university has taught a large array of notable academics, including Stephen Hawking, Oscar Wilde, Margaret Thatcher, and many others.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across England:
#4 Acropolis of Athens, Greece
The birthplace of democracy, the Acropolis in Athens is one of the most remarkable and significant European historical places. An ancient fortification and citadel, the Acropolis was built in the fifth century BC during the height of the Greek Empire. This ambitious structure encompasses over 20 archaeological remains, including the Parthenon, Erechtheum, Propylaea, and numerous sculptures. The Acropolis has become iconic due to its harmonious proportions, exquisite marble monuments, and elegant columns that have since inspired countless architects. The site also features the Acropolis Museum showcasing the history of the location and various artifacts.
Follow the link to book a Walking Tour of the Acropolis.
#5 Pont du Gard in Nimes, France
Among the oldest historical places in Europe is Pont du Gard, an ancient Roman bridge dating back to the 1st century AD. This aqueduct bridge was designed to transport water across the Gardon River to the Roman colony in modern Nimes. The construction showcases a true marvel of ancient engineering measuring almost 50 meters (164 feet) high and 275 meters (900 feet) in length. The aqueduct itself is 50 kilometers (31 miles) long making it one of the most remarkable and well-preserved Roman structures in the world.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours around Nimes:
#6 Pantheon in Rome, Italy
The Roman Pantheon is another item on the list of Europe historical sites. Founded over 2,000 years ago, the structure remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome across the globe. The dome is the most notable and astounding element of the Pantheon, spanning 43 meters in diameter. The building has been used for various purposes throughout the centuries, from a sanctuary dedicated to Roman gods to a Christian church honoring St. Mary. The construction is remarkably influential and pivotal in the world of architecture having inspired numerous designs, including Thomas Jefferson's library, the church of Santa Maria Assunta, and countless city halls and public buildings.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Rome:
#7 Ancient city of Pompeii, Italy
The mystical city of Pompeii is probably one of the most well-known historical places in Europe to visit. Located near Naples, Pompeii used to be a wealthy and developed Roman city until it got buried under ash caused by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Centuries later, in 1748, the underground settlement was discovered by a group of archeologists who were lucky to stumble upon this hidden treasure. Pompeii opened the door to the daily life of ancient Romans since the volcanic ash perfectly preserved the last moments of locals’ lives. Due to this tragedy, we can study Roman urban planning like amphitheaters, baths, temples, and many others.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the City of Pompeii.
#8 Stonehenge in Salisbury Plain, UK
Stonehenge is one of the best historical places in Europe dating back to 2,500 BC. In fact, the structure remains among the biggest mysteries of the world. Scientists have concluded that the stones were placed by ancient Britons either as a part of a worship ritual or burial. The monument comprises a circle of stones, four meters (13 feet) high and two meters (6.5 feet) wide. What we still don’t know is how these 25-tonne stones were transported 240 km (150 miles) and placed without any modern technology, including even the wheel.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across the UK:
#9 Alfama in Lisbon, Portugal
Among Portuguese historic places to visit in Europe is Alfama, an old quarter in the capital of Portugal brimming with palaces, churches, and chapels. The location’s origins go back to the Moorish occupation in the 8th century exemplified by its Arabic name which means “hot springs”. Lisbon's district was constructed as a maze to enhance defense against intruders and protect the region. The architectural styles also pay homage to Moorish and medieval influences of the past. The area is full of important sites and buildings like Castelo de Sao Jorge, a Moorish castle, and Se Cathedral, the oldest church in the city.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Alfama.
#10 Normandy American Cemetary in Colleville-sur-Mer, France
Normandy American Cemetery is one of the most important historic places in Europe to visit. Comprising nearly 10,000 graves of American fighters and soldiers who perished during the D-Day and other WWII battles. The cemetery spans over 68 hectares (170 acres) serving as a somber reminder of the sacrifices that brought us freedom. The Walls of the Missing is also located here bearing the names of over 1,500 soldiers whose remains have never been discovered or identified. Adjacent to the cemetery is a pool that makes the place more peaceful and serene offering a place for contemplation and reflection.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across France:
#11 Meteora in Thessaly, Greece
In the heart of Greece, near Kalambaka, you will find Meteora, a group of Eastern Orthodox monasteries. Literally translated as “suspended in the air”, Meteora is a sight to behold. A series of monasteries are located atop rock formations, creating an illusion of floating. Originally, Meteora served as a mecca for monks seeking isolation and protection from Ottoman invaders. Back in the 14th and 15th centuries, monks managed to create these breathtaking structures using extremely limited resources. Nowadays, only a quarter of the original churches remain in use enabling visitors to learn about the lives and heritage of monks who resided here.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Meteora.
#12 Tønsberg Fortress in Tønsberg, Norway
Former capital of Norway, Tønsberg is the oldest city in the county housing one of the most noteworthy historical places in Europe. The Tønsberg Fortress is among the most ancient fortified structures in Norway dating back to the 13th century. One of the most influential and important sites in Norwegian history, the fortress has changed numerous roles throughout the years, including a royal residence and military stronghold. Although the fortress has endured a lot of damage, the remains are well-preserved and protected by the local authorities.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Norway:
#13 Eiffel Tower in Paris, France
The Eiffel Tower, also known as the Iron Lady is one of the most historical places in Europe. Located in Paris, the City of Love, the tower has become a true symbol of France depicted in countless movies and other cultural references. In 1889, Gustav Eiffel built this ambitious construction which was met with a lot of criticism from the French intellectual elite of the time. Nowadays, the Eiffel Tower is an undisputed emblem of the city and a testament to Eiffel’s ingenuity and brilliance. At the top, visitors can marvel at the incredible views of Paris, take iconic photos, and admire the beauty of the city’s unique skyline.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Eiffel Tower.
#14 St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican
St. Peter’s Basilica is one of the biggest churches in the world located in the smallest country on the planet, the Vatican. The construction began in 1506 and finished 120 years later becoming the most monumental works of the Renaissance era. St. Peter’s Basilica remains one of the most critical locations in the Catholic Church, with the Pope conducting administrations and gatherings in front of 80,000 onlookers. The design was completed by such Renaissance stars as Michelangelo and Bernini and encompasses lavish decorations, exquisite monuments, and priceless works of art.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the St. Peter's Basilica.
#15 Newgrange Tombs in Drogheda, Ireland
Newgrange is among the most fascinating historical places to visit in Europe. Located near Drogheda, Newgrange is one of the oldest monuments in Europe and dates back to the 3,200 BC making it older than Pyramids in Egypt and the British Stonehenge. These Neolithic structures comprise a large circle-shaped mound covering a large area. You can walk through a long and narrow passage to the tomb to marvel at the ancient ingenuity. Furthermore, the Newgrange’s location aligns with the rising sun during the winter solstice illuminating the chamber on the shortest day of the year. This incredible feature showcases the astronomical and engineering talents and know-how of the ancient people.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Ireland:
- Free Tour of Dublin
- Learn about Irish Independence and Rebellion in Dublin
- Free Walking Tour in Cork
#16 Edinburgh Castle in Edinburgh, Scotland
Scotland also doesn’t suffer from a shortage of astounding historical sites. Edinburgh Castle was built in the 12th century and remains the country’s most important landmark. The mesmerizing fusion of Romanesque and medieval architecture has created one of the most remarkable castles in Europe. The structure was initially used as a royal residence honoring Queen Margaret and now serves as a breathtaking tourist attraction. Come to Edinburgh to admire the Royal Palace, the Scottish National War Memorial, and the Stone of Destiny, all of which are based inside the castle walls.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Old Town in Edinburgh.
#17 Suomenlinna in Helsinki, Finland
Suomenlinna is a sea fortress spread across eight islands off the coast of Helsinki, the Finnish capital city. Originally built in the 18th century, the fort was meant to protect the land from Russian expansionism. Suomenlinna was repurposed following the independence of Finland in 1917 into a military base and prison camp. However, nowadays, the structure is a residential area and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The building comprises severak museums showcasing the history of this maritime fortification and educating visitors about its historical significance.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Suomenlinna.
#18 Castle Of Prague, Czechia
One of the most monumental historical sites in Europe is located in the heart of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. The construction began in 880 while the building served as the seat of government until the end of the 10th century. This largest ancient castle complex in the world has witnessed numerous kings, emperors, and presidents within its walls. The architecture of the building is characterized by a unique blend of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Romanesque styles creating a fascinating sight. Moreover, the castle includes several notable art collections and stunning gardens.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Castle of Prague.
#19 Wawel Castle in Krakow, Poland
Wawel Castle is located in Krakow and has been the main seat of the Polish monarchy for almost 9 centuries. Since its creation in the 11th century, the castle has been used as the necropolis and mausoleum for numerous rulers. The building encompasses some of the most well-preserved Renaissance rooms and decor, including Italian friezes. Beyond that, the castle’s design is a mixture of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque movements. The building holds several impressive rooms, including the State Rooms, the Royal Private Apartments, and the St. Stanislaw Cathedral Basilica, as well as numerous pieces of art, tapestries, and historical artifacts.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Wawel Castle.
#20 Neuschwanstein Castle in Schwangau, Germany
Among Europe's historical places in Germany is the Bavarian Neuschwanstein Castle. The breathtaking surroundings of the Bavarian Alps paired with the architectural marvel of the castle make the sight feel like a Disney movie. The German Romanticism-styled building was commissioned in the 19th century by the then ruler King Ludwig II who didn’t live to see the finished royal residence. Today, two hundred years later, Neuschwanstein is one of the most popular castles in Europe and potentially in the world.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Neuschwanstein Castle.
#21 Diocletian Palace in Split, Croatia
Another ancient historical place in Europe is the Diocletian Palace in Split, Croatia. Built in 305 AD for the Roman Emperor Diocletian, the palace is a lavish structure adorned with columns and sphinxes shipped from Egypt and Italian and Greek marble. In fact, the city of Split has emerged around the palace with residents striving to preserve this impressive building. Thanks to them, visitors can marvel at the Peristyle, the central square, St. Domnius Cathedral, and the Temple of Jupiter. Nowadays, the palace attracts millions of tourists with its grandeur while the city of Split has grown into a bustling center of life, shops, and restaurants.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Diocletian Palace.
#22 Kronborg Castle in Helsingor, Denmark
Another noteworthy castle is located in Denmark and dates back to the 1420s. The construction began under the rule of King Eric VII and was completed under Frederik II who transformed the idea into a Renaissance masterpiece. Although the original building was destroyed in 1629 and then later its copy in the 1650s, the castle has been rebuilt to its former glory. The most famous fact about the castle is its feature in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Today, the castle is strictly protected by the UNESCO organization and serves as a popular tourist attraction educating visitors about rocky Danish history.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Denmark:
#23 Althing in Reykjavik, Iceland
Iceland is also home to some significant historic places in Europe. Althing is among the oldest parliament buildings in the world and the oldest in the country. Created in 930 AD, the Althing served as a gathering spot for leaders to discuss laws and politics, resolve disputes, and make crucial political decisions. The building is a testament to Icelanders’ struggle against Norwegian and Danish monarchies and the fight for independence. Initially established 30 km (18 miles) away from the capital, the structure was later moved. Nowadays, the Althing holds the legislative body in the heart of Reykjavik.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Iceland:
#24 Eketorp in Öland, Sweden
Sweden is home to a fortification dating back to the Iron Age, namely 400 AD. The archaeological research and excavations have uncovered over 24 thousand artifacts from different epochs, including jewelry, weapons, tools, and other items providing insights into the daily lives of ancient Scandinavian societies. Eketorp is a unique fortress serving as a defensive structure and a place for trade. However, nowadays, the location is an open-air museum that preserves and captures the lifestyle of the indigenous population. Aside from the fort, the site features reconstructed buildings, local craftsmanship, and modern interactive exhibits.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Sweden:
#25 Kyiv Pechersk Lavra in Kyiv, Ukraine
Another ancient monastery is located in Kyiv and finds itself among the most iconic historical places to visit in Europe. Established in 1051, the monastery is one of the cultural and religious centers of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Styled in Baroque architecture, Pechersk Lavra hides a wide network of catacombs containing the remains of medieval monks and saints. While above the ground you will be met with the state museum featuring religious and historic artifacts, underground is connected to the cave system. The monastery remains the hubspot for learning and educating about Ukrainian culture and history.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.
#26 Rundale Palace in Rundale, Latvia
The Rundale Palace is an 18th-century historical place in Latvia intended as a summer residence for the Duke of Courland. This Baroque and Rococo palace was designed by Francesco Rastrelli, the author of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. Numerous notable people stayed in the palace, including the Empress Catherina the Great and the Shuvalov family. For a few years, the building was temporarily used as a hospital for the French Army during the 1812 war. After the independence of Latvia in 1991, the palace was renovated and turned into a museum depicting Latvian cultural heritage.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Rundale Palace.
#27 Gediminas Tower in Vilnius, Lithuania
In the 13th century, Grand Duke Gediminas, the founder of Vilnius, initiated the construction of the Upper Vilnius Castle. A series of three castles served as a fortification and prison at different times throughout history. Unfortunately, the castles were destroyed in the 14th century and the only remaining piece is the Gediminas Tower. The tower became a symbol of Lithuanian independence during the Soviet era, offering hope for the nation’s prosperity in the future. Nowadays, the location is a popular tourist destination, featuring a museum of the country’s history and culture.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Vilnius Old Town.
#28 Pirita Convent Ruins in Tallinn, Estonia
Estonia is home to several historical sites in Europe, including Pirita Convent Ruins, one of the most important nunneries. Built in 1407, the monastery was among the largest convents in Northern Europe at the time. In fact, the nunnery housed both monks and nuns which was a rare arrangement for 15th-century Europe. Unfortunately, the Tallinn-located building was destroyed during the Russian invasion in 1575 leaving only ruins. Today, the ruins attract millions of tourists and serve as a popular spot for open-air concerts and events.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Tallinn Old Town.
#29 Cathedral Park in Chisinau, Moldova
Cathedral Park, located in Chisinau, is a centerpiece of Moldovan historical and cultural sites, featuring the Triumphal Ark, The Monument of Stephen the Great, and the Metropolitan Nativity Cathedral. The cathedral was established in the 19th century and acts as a center of the Moldovan Orthodox Church. The Triumphal Ark was built in 1840 in honor of Russia’s victory over the Ottoman Empire. The park itself is an oasis amid a busy capital city, offering a peaceful break from the bustling streets. Nowadays, Cathedral Park is a place of religious and cultural importance showcasing the country’s rich history.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Moldova:
#30 Bran Castle in Brașov, Romania
The infamous Dracula’s Castle depicted in the book by Bram Stoker bears no resemblance to the real place, Bran Castle located near Brasov. Built by Saxons in 1377, the castle is a national landmark in Transylvania and beyond. Dracula’s author used this site as a reference for his story, however, there is no evidence tying Vlad the Impaler to the castle. In reality, the structure served as a defensive point on the border between Transylvania and Wallachia, later becoming a residence for Queen Marie. Nowadays, it’s a museum devoted to the Queen’s life and death, as well as the history of Romania.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Brasov.
#31 Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey
Located in Istanbul, Hagia Sophia is a 6th-century church exemplifying Islamic architecture and influence on the country. Established as a Greek Orthodox church, in the 15th century it was transformed into a mosque. The building is a prominent example of Byzantine design and ingenious engineering of Turks. Due to its volatile history, the church blends both Christian and Muslim elements showcasing the harmonious coexistence of the major religions. To this day, Hagia Sophia remains one of the largest cathedrals in the world symbolizing the long-lasting power of the Byzantine Empire.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Hagia Sophia.
#32 Kokino Observatory in Kumanovo, North Macedonia
Kokino is an archaeological site first discovered in 2001 and quickly became one of the most intriguing and vital historical places in Europe. The Megalithic Observatory is among the oldest observatories in the world and is a part of a large site covering 5,000 square meters (54,000 square feet) of land. The oldest findings date back to the 19th century BC offering insight into the European Bronze Age. Scientists discovered numerous artifacts, including ceramic vessels, molds, pendants, and stone mills. The observatory itself was built in alignment with the sunrises and sunsets proving locals’ advanced comprehension of astronomy.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across North Macedonia:
#33 Butrint in Sarandë, Albania
Located near Sarandë, Butrint in Albania is among the most ancient findings in Europe, even being depicted in Homer’s The Odyssey as a place of exiles after the fall of Troyes. Built in the 7th century BC, Butrint is an ancient city that throughout the years belonged to Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and later Venetians. The site is home to numerous relics of ancient times, including a Greek theater, a Christian baptistery, a Venetian Castle, and several Roman baths. During the Roman period, the city’s life was centered at the Roman Forum, a mesmerizing structure with mosaic floors and grand columns. In the Middle Ages, the city lost its relevance and began declining, however, it was rediscovered and turned into a cultural and historical center of the country.
Follow the link to book a Tour of the Butrint.
#34 Royal Palace in Amsterdam, Netherlands
Among vital historic places to visit in the Netherlands is the Royal Palace in Amsterdam. Originally intended as a City Hall and the largest secular building in Europe, the palace was later repurposed as a residence for the emperor and later for the Dutch Royal family. The construction took place in 1648 and was designed in the Dutch Classicism style with a grand facade and opulent decorations. Nowadays, the palace is mostly used for official functions and ceremonies as well as a museum of Dutch culture and history.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Historic Center of Amsterdam.
#35 Het Steen in Antwerp, Belgium
Located in Antwerp, Het Steen is another prominent historical place originating in medieval times. Built in the 13th century, the castle was used to monitor the access to the river Scheldt and protect the locals from Vikings. Throughout the time, the structure was a prison, a courthouse, and a museum. Parts of the castle were demolished in the 19th century but some elements are still intact. Today, this European destination offers tours of its iconic interiors, including the medieval torture chamber and countless grand halls.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Antwerp Old Town.
#36 Buda Castle in Budapest, Hungary
Hungarian significant historical site in Europe is the Buda Castle located in Budapest. Placed on the top of a hill, the castle offers breathtaking views of the city. Built in the 13th century, Buda Castle incorporates several styles of architecture, including Baroque, Gothic, and Neoclassical. The building was intended as a royal residence but was later used as a fortress and a center of government. Unfortunately, the castle sustained some damage during WWII but was later restored and returned to its former glory. Today, it’s the center of Hungarian culture and history, featuring the Hungarian National Gallery, the Budapest History Museum, and the National Library.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of the Buda Castle.
#37 Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria
Located in Vienna, one of the most historic places in Europe is the Schönbrunn Palace from the Habsburg era. Erected in the 18th century, the palace was designed as a summer residence for the Habsburg monarchs. Its 1,441 rooms hosted countless important historical figures, including Maria Theresa and Napoleon Bonaparte. Furthermore, the territory features 32 sculptures, numerous fountains, extensive gardens, and the world’s oldest zoo. Established in 1752, The Tiergarten Schönbrunn, or Vienna Zoo is the oldest zoo in the world that still operates. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most incredible landmarks in the country.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Vienna Highlights.
#38 Perperikon in Kardzhali, Bulgaria
Another ancient archaeological finding, Perperikon dates back to 5,000 BC, making it one of the oldest historical sites in Europe. Perperikon was home to Thracians, an ancient civilization that lived on the territory of modern southern Bulgaria. Here, scientists uncovered an orange temple devoted to the god Dionysus the remains of which are still carved in the rock face. Moreover, the city used to serve as an integral trading hub for Romans and Byzantines. The layout of the city is quite complex and intricate showcasing a network of streets, staircases, and buildings which indicates how ingenious ancient civilizations were.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Bulgaria:
#39 Kalemegdan in Belgrade, Serbia
Kalemegdan is a historical site that managed to survive numerous earthquakes, fires, and intrusions throughout the Serbian rocky history. Back in 279 BC, a fortress was created over the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube. Although the structure is truly ancient, the first occupants were Romans. Over the centuries, the site was ruled by Byzantines, Bulgarians, Hungarians, and Ottomans each impacting the fortress and the Serbian culture. Ottomans used it as a stronghold to fence off countless attacks and battles. Today, Kalemegdan is a symbol of Belgrade and the nation’s resilience and pride.
Follow the link to book a Free Tour of Belgrade.
#40 Augusta Raurica in August, Switzerland
Augusta Raurica concludes our list of historic places in Europe. A Roman site, Augusta Raurica was founded by Lucius Munatius Plancus in the 1st century BC. The location used to be a thriving Roman colony and trading center along the Rhine River. The site is brimming with Roman structures such as temples, baths, theaters, and residential buildings. The discovery of Augusta Raurica allowed us to extend our knowledge about Roman urban planning and way of living. In the 18th century, archaeologists found a collection of Roman silver items which is now displayed in the Historical Museum of Basel.
Follow the links to book free and paid tours across Switzerland:
